Its leader, saad zaghloul, and his for successor, mosfata elnahhas, in adopting democracy asserted that right above power and is the nation is above government. Islam is the states religion, and arabic is its official language. The new antiterrorism law is likely to be introduced in 2008, before the state of emergency expires. Dec 19, 20 if the egyptian people approve in january 2014 the new constitution, which grants the military extensive powers, they will have erred for the foreseeable future on the side of security. Jan 10, 20 the new egyptian constitution protects the privacy of individuals in their own homes, and the privacy of communications. Constitution of the arab republic of egypt refworld. Provisions of the constitution summarized preamble the new constitution is the first to be drafted in the name of the egyptian people. An egyptian vender sells copies of the new constitution in cairo, egypt, saturday, dec. Egypts new constitution gets 98% yes vote world news.
Series of amendments to egypts 1971 constitution, in which the. The 2014 egyptian constitution without accountability, checks or balances. The constitution and the manner in which it was adopted have been one focus of the 2012 egyptian protests. Two articles on the status of the institutions of the armed forces, the police and the judiciary in the 2014 egyptian constitution and the decline in mechanisms of accountability and oversight.
This is our constitution, egypt is the gift of the nile for egyptians and the gift of egyptians to humanity. The constitutional history of modern egypt can be traced back to the egyptian revolution of 1919. Nov 30, 2012 new york the final draft of a constitution approved on november 29, 2012, by egypts 100member constituent assembly protects some rights but undermines others. Should the 2014 egyptian constitution be amended to. Indeed, article 38 provides stronger protections of electronic. If the egyptian people approve in january 2014 the new constitution, which grants the military extensive powers, they will have erred for the foreseeable future on the side of security. Over 98% of participants in the first egyptian vote of the postmorsi era voted in favour of approving a new constitution, the countrys electoral. Following the removal of then president mohamed morsi from office on july 3, egypts militarybacked government began a twophase process of creating a new constitution. The egyptian constitution of 2014 was passed in a referendum in january. Like the 2017 law, the draft new law also gives the egyptian authorities the power to interfere in the composition of ngos boards by preventing candidates running for elections to it if they did not meet the necessary conditions. The egyptian people forms part of both the arab and the islamic community umma. Constitution of 2014 this is the unofficial translation of the constitution of egypt 2014, as published by the egyptian state information service sis website. Brown and michele dunne egyptians will head to the polls on march 26 in a public referendum on amendments to thirty four articles of the constitution, approved by the peoples assembly on march 19. This is the unofficial translation of the constitution of egypt 2014, as published by the egyptian state information service sis website.
A preliminary analytical commentary on key constitutional changes to the constitution of the arab republic of egypt introduced by the new 2014 constitution. Indepth analysis of the main elements of the new constitution abstract despite cautious liberalisation in a few limited areas, egypts new constitution of january 2014 does not represent a new democratic departure. Balancing leadership with civil rights alwataniyya electronic journal of islamic and middle eastern law. The new egyptian constitution protects the privacy of individuals in their own homes, and the privacy of communications. Carter center urges dialogue and constitutional change to. The 1919 revolution that had rid egypt and the egyptians of the british protection, established the principle of citizenship and equality all the people.
It was accepted by the electorate and is now the law of the land. From the perspective of equal citizenship, the constitution does not reach a satisfactory level in any of the. It is proud to belong to the nile basin and the african continent, reach into asia, and contribute positively to human civilization. With its unique location and history, egypt is the arab heart of the world. Comparing egypts constitutions egyptians will soon vote in a referendum on a new constitution, their second in just over a year. In egypts new constitution, are women equal citizens. Public consultations leading to the referendum were selective and weak.
The egyptian constitution of 2014 guarantees, in article 75, the right to freedom of association and. Egypt has operated under several constitutions, both as a monarchy and, after 1952, as a republic. New york the final draft of a constitution approved on november 29, 2012, by egypts 100member constituent assembly protects some rights but. The procedures for the choice of a new president of the republic shall begin.
The egyptian constitution of 2014 was passed in a referendum in january 2014. Egypts 2014 presidential election law page 2 of 46 applicants will be considered official candidates once the pec has completed investigating and verifying the documents. The new egyptian constitution which was adopted by popular referendum on january 1516 and entered into force on january 18, 2014 removes the most controversial elements which the muslim brotherhood and its allies had introduced in the shortlived constitution of december 26, 2012 with the aim of strengthening the islamic identity of the. Egypts new constitution to be followed by tackling key. Work for governance, the new egyptian constitution will have a lasting effect. Perspectives on egypts 2014 constitution in custodia. In january 2014, a new permanent constitution came into force in egypt. Egypt is the gift of the nile and the gift of egyptians to humanity.
Egypts new constitution to be followed by tackling key political laws. In january 2014, egyptians approved egypts new constitution by an overwhelming majority of 98. Mar 06, 2014 in january 2014, egyptians approved egypts new constitution by an overwhelming majority of 98. The new egyptian constitution, despite being written after january 25 revolution and 40 years from the emergence of modern constitutions, remains traditional it its form and content. Law on the the preference of the egyptian products in government contracts law no. The following is the second of a two part article by the arab reform initiative, an independent research network, concerning the 2014 constitutions treatment of human rights and the separation of powers in the government. Blessed with a unique location and history, the arab nation of egypt is the heart of the whole world. Egyptians will soon vote in a referendum on a new constitution, their second in just over a year. The 2014 egyptian constitution by cornelis hulsman. This is for essential maintenance which will provide improved performance going forwards.
Egyptians lined up to vote on a new constitution under the watch of the security forces and military leadership of gen. The 2012 constitution was superseded by the egyptian constitution of 2014. Following the removal of then president mohamed morsi from office on july 3, egypts militarybacked government began a twophase process of creating a. Article 141 of the newly endorsed 2014 constitution stipulates that presidential candidates must be born to egyptian parents, and that a candidate, along with his parents and spouse, should never. Download pdf this is the unofficial translation of the constitution of egypt 2014, as published by the egyptian state information service sis website. The constitution took effect after the results were announced on 18 january 2014. Perspectives on egypts 2014 constitution in custodia legis. On 14 february, parliament voted to advance the proposed amendments with 485 members in favour. In egypt, the process of writing and ratifying a new constitution was overseen first by supreme council of the armed forces scaf, then by the newly elected president morsi and by scaf again, when the army moved to depose mr morsi and the government of the muslim brotherhood party. That amendment has now taken place, drawing a firestorm of criticism from egyptian and international human rights organizations.
Article 19 not only protects the right of free education, but also expands the level for which. Draft dated 30 november 2012 of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt. A constitutional amendments referendum was held from 20 to 22 april 2019. The first and most liberal of these was the 1923 constitution, which was promulgated just after britain declared egypts independence. This document was submitted to a referendum on june 23, 1956. It was the second such document since january 2011, and the fourth considering the. The egyptian constitution of 2014 not only preserved the rights granted to women by previous egyptian constitutions but also introduced more rights aimed at protecting women from other forms of violence and discrimination. Constitution of the arab republic of egypt,22 september 1971, available at. This is our constitution, egypt is the gift of the nile for egyptians and. Over 98% of participants in the first egyptian vote of the postmorsi era voted in favour of approving. Should the 2014 egyptian constitution be amended to increase. The members come from different parties and are publicly supportive of president abdelfattah alsisi. The first part, published yesterday, addressed the constitutions articles concerning the military and security apparatus. This article explores meaning of the rule of law for egypt after mubarak.
Following rising agitations against britain, which had governed the territory as a protectorate since 1914, and increasing demands for independence, british rule over the territory was formally terminated under the terms of a joint declaration between britain and egypt in 1922. Zaghoul elbalshi, the general secretary of the commission overseeing the planned constitutional referendum, resigned in the wake of the protests. Constitution of egypt constitution, egypt britannica. Blessed with a unique location and history, the arab nation of egypt is the heart of. Article 19 of the egyptian constitution of 2014 guarantees the right to education to every citizen and makes education compulsory through high school or its equivalent. Voter turnout, however, shows another side to what is a very complex story. The 2014 egyptian constitution by maria gl oria polimeno 6 right to the c ity, it is worth taking a look into t he ci vil law code of the country and the. Draft new ngo law retains repressive essence of old one. Tunisia 2014 page 21 president of the republic shall consult with political parties, coalitions, and parliamentary groups, with the objective of asking the person judged most capable to form a government within a period of no more than one month to do so. Parliament in the new egyptian constitution workshops papers presented to the egyptian constituent assembly c50 in egypt 1. On january 14 and 15, 2014, for the second time in the three years since the january 2011 ouster of president hosni mubarak, egypts citizens will vote in a referendum on a new constitution. Egyptian women and men will have to remain vigilant to ensure that these hard won freedoms are not sacrificed on the altar of stability, and that they are. The following is the second of a two part article by the arab reform initiative, an independent research network, concerning the 2014 constitution s treatment of human rights and the separation of powers in the government.
Egypts new constitution 2014 strongly addresses health as a fundamental human right and declares commitment to covering the whole population with quality health services. The first part, published yesterday, addressed the constitution s articles concerning the military and security apparatus. Last month, a new egyptian constitution was approved in a popular referendum held on january 1415. Egyptians vote on new constitution in referendum the new. This is a guest post by nathalie bernardmaugiron, senior researcher, institute of research for development, paris between 1 o and 25 january 2016, the egyptian parliament ratified in 15 days more than 300 lawdecrees. Should the election of the new president be announced before the end of the term of his. Nathalie bernardmaugiron should the 2014 egyptian constitution be amended to increase presidential powers. Centre for islamic and middle eastern law, university of zurich, 2015. In the eyes of the supporters of the june 30 movement that paved the way for the military coup, or at least in the eyes of its liberal supporters, the 2014 constitution was intended to correct the illiberal or islamist provisions of the 2012 constitution which, in their opinion, had been forced down the throat of the egyptian public by a. International experiences and egyptian context 23rd september 20 3. The head of the supreme national electoral commission, chief justice nabil saleeb, announced the results of the referendum on january 18 and stated that the voter turnout was 38. Egypts government services portal laws and constitution. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt is the fundamental law of egypt. Negotiating women in egypts postmubarak constitutions 2012.
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